Abstract :

Aims : We performed a spectral fitting for a set of O-type stars based on self-consistent wind solutions, which provide mass-loss rate and velocity profiles directly derived from the initial stellar parameters. The great advantage of this self-consistent spectral fitting is therefore the reduction of the number of free parameters to be tuned.
Methods : Self-consistent values for the line-force parameters (k, α, δ)_sc and subsequently for the mass-loss rate, M_sc, and terminal velocity, υ_∞‚sc, are provided by the m-CAK prescription introduced in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">Paper I</xref>, which is updated in this work with improvements such as a temperature structure T(r) for the wind that are self-consistently evaluated from the line-acceleration. Synthetic spectra were calculated using the radiative transfer code FASTWIND, replacing the classical β-law for our new calculated velocity profiles v(r) and therefore making clumping the only free parameter for the stellar wind.
Results : We found that self-consistent m-CAK solutions provide values for theoretical mass-loss rates of the order of the most recent predictions of other studies. From here, we generate synthetic spectra with self-consistent hydrodynamics to fit and obtain a new set of stellar and wind parameters for our sample of O-type stars (HD 192639, 9 Sge, HD 57682, HD 218915, HD 195592, and HD 210809), whose spectra were taken with the high-resolution echelle spectrograph HERMES (R = 85 000). We find a satisfactory global fit for our observations, with a good accuracy for photospheric He I and He II lines and a quite acceptable fit for H lines. Although this self-consistent spectral analysis is currently constrained in the optical wavelength range alone, this is an important step towards the determination of stellar and wind parameters without using a β-law. Based on the variance of the line-force parameters, we establish that our method is valid for O-type stars with T_eff ≥ 30 kK and log g ≥ 3.2. Given these results, we expect that the values introduced here are helpful for future studies of the stars constituting this sample, together with the prospect that the m-CAK self-consistent prescription may be extended to numerous studies of massive stars in the future.

Publication : Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 661, id.A51, 22 pp.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/202142383 
Bibcode : 2022A&A...661A..51G 
Keywords : hydrodynamics; methods: analytical; stars: early-type; stars: mass-loss; stars: winds; outflows; techniques: spectroscopic; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics